Googling Allergy in Ireland: Content Analysis.

Internet search engines are increasingly being utilized as the first port of call for medical information by the public. The prevalence of allergies in developed countries has risen steadily over time.

There exists significant variability in the quality of health-related information available on the web. Inaccurately diagnosed and mismanaged allergic disease has major downstream effects on patients, general practitioners, and regional allergy services.

This study aimed to verify whether Ireland has a relatively high rate of web-based allergy-related searches, to establish the proportion of medically accurate web pages encountered by the public, and to compare current search results localized to Dublin, Ireland with urban centers elsewhere.Google Trends was used to evaluate regional interest of allergy-related search terms over a 10-year period using terms “allergy,” “allergy test,” “food allergy,” and “food intolerance.”

These terms were then inputted into Google search, localizing them to cities in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Human Adenovirus (ADV) IgG (ADV IgG) ELISA Kit
abx364854-96tests	Abbexa	96 tests	EUR 511

Human Adenovirus (ADV) IgM (ADV IgM) ELISA Kit
abx364855-96tests	Abbexa	96 tests	EUR 511

Adv-Ag type3
E66H001a	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 382

Adv-Ag type7
E66H002	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 382

Adenovirus (ADV) Antibody
abx411041-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 509

Adenovirus (ADV) Antibody
abx414317-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 662

Adenovirus (ADV) Antibody
abx414953-1mg	Abbexa	1 mg	EUR 829

Inactivated ADV Antigen
VAng-Lsx0002-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 588
Description: Adenovirus antigen, native protein.

ADV type 2 Hexon
DAG4684	Creative Diagnostics	0.25 mg	EUR 1014

Adenovirus (ADV) Antibody (Biotin)
abx411042-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 592

Inactivated ADV Positive Sample
VAng-Lsx0001-inquire	Creative Biolabs	inquire	Ask for price
Description: ADV Positive Sample, natural antigen.

Inactivated ADV-1 Antigen
VAng-Lsx0004-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 1138
Description: ADV type 1, natural antigen.

Inactivated ADV-2 Antigen
VAng-Lsx0006-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 1138
Description: ADV type 2, natural antigen.

Inactivated ADV-3 Antigen
VAng-Lsx0007-inquire	Creative Biolabs	inquire	Ask for price
Description: ADV type 3, natural antigen.

Inactivated ADV-5 Antigen
VAng-Lsx0008-100g	Creative Biolabs	100 µg	EUR 1009
Description: ADV type 5, natural antigen.

Inactivated ADV-6 Antigen
VAng-Lsx0010-100g	Creative Biolabs	100 µg	EUR 1934
Description: ADV type 6, natural antigen.

Inactivated ADV-6 Antigen
VAng-Lsx0010-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 4847
Description: ADV type 6, natural antigen.

Inactivated ADV-6 Antigen
VAng-Lsx0010-500g	Creative Biolabs	500 µg	EUR 3513
Description: ADV type 6, natural antigen.

Inactivated ADV-40 Antigen
VAng-Lsx0011-inquire	Creative Biolabs	inquire	Ask for price
Description: Adenovirus type 40, natural protein.

Virus Adenovirus (ADV) Protein
abx670001-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 620

Mouse ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
EMA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Mouse ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
EMA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Mouse ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
EMA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Porcine ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
EPA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Porcine ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
EPA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Porcine ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
EPA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Rat ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
ERA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Rat ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
ERA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Rat ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
ERA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Rabbit ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
ERTA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Rabbit ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
ERTA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Rabbit ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
ERTA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Anserine ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
EAA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Anserine ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
EAA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Anserine ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
EAA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Goat ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
EGTA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Goat ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
EGTA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Goat ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
EGTA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Canine ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
ECA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Canine ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
ECA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Canine ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
ECA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Human ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
EHA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Human ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
EHA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Human ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
EHA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Bovine ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
EBA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Bovine ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
EBA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Bovine ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
EBA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Human Adenovirus (ADV) ELISA Kit
abx052689-96tests	Abbexa	96 tests	EUR 668

Mouse Adenovirus (ADV) ELISA Kit
abx055024-96tests	Abbexa	96 tests	EUR 668

Rat Adenovirus (ADV) ELISA Kit
abx055049-96tests	Abbexa	96 tests	EUR 668

Inactivated ADV Grade 2 Antigen
VAng-Lsx0003-1mL	Creative Biolabs	1 mL	EUR 998
Description: ADV Grade 2, natural antigen.

Recombinant ADV-2 Hexon Protein
VAng-Lsx0005-inquire	Creative Biolabs	inquire	Ask for price
Description: ADV type 2 Hexon, recombinant protein from Hep-2 Cells.

Inactivated ADV-5 Hexon Antigen
VAng-Lsx0009-inquire	Creative Biolabs	inquire	Ask for price
Description: ADV type 5 Hexon (full length), natural protein.

Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-81)
VAng-0789Lsx-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 2895
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Warthog/Namibia/Wart80/1980) Uncharacterized protein L83L (War-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0CAK9)

Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-81)
VAng-0789Lsx-500g	Creative Biolabs	500 µg	EUR 1948
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Warthog/Namibia/Wart80/1980) Uncharacterized protein L83L (War-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0CAK9)

Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-81)
VAng-0789Lsx-50g	Creative Biolabs	50 µg	EUR 1343
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Warthog/Namibia/Wart80/1980) Uncharacterized protein L83L (War-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0CAK9)

Recombinant ASFV BA71V-004 Protein (aa 1-362)
VAng-1964Lsx-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 4793
Description: African swine fever virus (strain Badajoz 1971 Vero-adapted) Protein MGF 360-2L (BA71V-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P23166)

Recombinant ASFV BA71V-004 Protein (aa 1-362)
VAng-1964Lsx-500g	Creative Biolabs	500 µg	EUR 3184
Description: African swine fever virus (strain Badajoz 1971 Vero-adapted) Protein MGF 360-2L (BA71V-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P23166)

Recombinant ASFV BA71V-004 Protein (aa 1-362)
VAng-1964Lsx-50g	Creative Biolabs	50 µg	EUR 2181
Description: African swine fever virus (strain Badajoz 1971 Vero-adapted) Protein MGF 360-2L (BA71V-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P23166)

Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-174)
VAng-2078Lsx-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 3803
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Pig/Kenya/KEN-50/1950) Envelope protein p22 (Ken-004), partial, recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9W0)

Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-174)
VAng-2078Lsx-500g	Creative Biolabs	500 µg	EUR 2580
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Pig/Kenya/KEN-50/1950) Envelope protein p22 (Ken-004), partial, recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9W0)

Recombinant ASFV Mal-004 Protein (aa 1-355)
VAng-2130Lsx-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 4738
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/Malawi/Lil 20-1/1983) Protein MGF 360-3L (Mal-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9M7)

Recombinant ASFV Mal-004 Protein (aa 1-355)
VAng-2130Lsx-500g	Creative Biolabs	500 µg	EUR 3158
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/Malawi/Lil 20-1/1983) Protein MGF 360-3L (Mal-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9M7)

Recombinant ASFV Mal-004 Protein (aa 1-355)
VAng-2130Lsx-50g	Creative Biolabs	50 µg	EUR 2154
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/Malawi/Lil 20-1/1983) Protein MGF 360-3L (Mal-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9M7)

Recombinant ASFV Pret-004 Protein (aa 1-177)
VAng-2300Lsx-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 3817
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/South Africa/Pretoriuskop Pr4/1996) Envelope protein p22 (Pret-004), partial, recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9W2)

Recombinant ASFV Pret-004 Protein (aa 1-177)
VAng-2300Lsx-500g	Creative Biolabs	500 µg	EUR 2580
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/South Africa/Pretoriuskop Pr4/1996) Envelope protein p22 (Pret-004), partial, recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9W2)

Guinea Pig ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
EGA0749	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Guinea Pig ADV-lgG ELISA Kit
EGA0750	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Guinea Pig ADV-lgM ELISA Kit
EGA0751	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 521

Adv (Adenovirus Antibody IgM) ELISA test
44	Biobase	96T/Box	Ask for price
Description: ELISA based test for quantitative detection of Adv (Adenovirus Antibody IgM)

Ras N17 (Dominant Negative) Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-145	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the N17 dominant negative mutant of the Ras gene

Ras V12 (Constitutively Active) Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-146	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the V12 constitutively active mutant of the Ras gene

Rac1 Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-149	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the Rac1 gene

Rac1 N17 (Dominant Negative) Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-150	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the N17 dominant negative mutant of the Rac1 gene

Rac1 L61 (Constitutively Active) Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-151	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the L61 constitutively active mutant of the Rac1 gene

Cdc42 Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-152	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the Cdc42 gene

Cdc42 L61 (constitutively active) Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-154	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the L61 constitutively active mutant of the Cdc42 gene

Rho A N19 (Dominant Negative) Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-156	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the N19 dominant negative mutant of the RhoA gene

Null Control Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-001	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 740
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus used as a negative control

?-Galalactosidase Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-002	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the beta-galactosidase gene

Cre Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-005	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the Cre gene

Firefly Luciferase Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-008	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the luciferase gene

Cdc42 N17 (Dominant Negative) Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-153	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the N17 dominant negative mutant of the Cdc42 gene

Rho A L63 (Constitutively Active) Recombinant Adenovirus
ADV-157	Cell Biolabs	50 ?L	EUR 891
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the L63 constitutively active mutant of the RhoA gene

Human Adenovirus Antigen(ADV-Ag)ELISA Kit
GA-E1760HM-48T	GenAsia Biotech	48T	EUR 289

Human Adenovirus Antigen(ADV-Ag)ELISA Kit
GA-E1760HM-96T	GenAsia Biotech	96T	EUR 466

Human Adenovirus IgM(ADV-IgM)ELISA Kit
GA-E1780HM-48T	GenAsia Biotech	48T	EUR 289

Human Adenovirus IgM(ADV-IgM)ELISA Kit
GA-E1780HM-96T	GenAsia Biotech	96T	EUR 466

Human Adenovirus IgG(ADV-IgG)ELISA Kit
GA-E1784HM-48T	GenAsia Biotech	48T	EUR 289

Human Adenovirus IgG(ADV-IgG)ELISA Kit
GA-E1784HM-96T	GenAsia Biotech	96T	EUR 466

Mouse Anti-ADV monoclonal antibody, clone 23H07
CABT-L3195	Creative Diagnostics	1 mg	EUR 819

Human Adenovirus Antigen,ADV-Ag ELISA Kit
201-12-1744	SunredBio	96 tests	EUR 440
Description: A quantitative ELISA kit for measuring Human in samples from biological fluids.

Output for each search was reviewed by two independent clinicians and deemed rational or nonevidence based, as per current best practice guidelines. Searches localized to Dublin were initially completed in 2015 and repeated in 2019 to assess for changes in the quality of search results over time.Ireland has a persistently high demand for web-based information relating to allergy and ranks first worldwide for “allergy test,” second for “food allergy” and “food intolerance,” and seventh for “allergy” over the specified 10-year timeframe.

Results for each of the four subsearches in Dublin (2015) showed that over 60% of websites promoted nonevidence-based diagnostics.

A marginal improvement in scientifically robust information was seen in 2019, but results for “allergy test” and “food intolerance” continued to promote alternative testing 57% (8/14) of the time. This strongly contrasted with results localized to Southampton and Rochester, where academic and hospital-affiliated web pages predominantly featured.

Government-funded Department of Health websites did not feature in the top five results for Dublin searches “allergy testing,” “food allergy,” or “food intolerance” in either 2015 or 2019.

The Irish public demonstrates a keen interest in seeking allergy-related information on the web. The proportion of evidence-based websites encountered by the Irish public is considerably lower than that encountered by patients in other urban centers.

Factors contributing to this are the lack of a specialist register for allergy in Ireland, inadequate funding for allergy centers currently in operation, and insufficient promotion by the health service of their web-based health database, which contains useful patient-oriented information on allergy.

Increased funding of clinical allergology services will more meaningfully impact the health of patients if there is a parallel investment by the health service in information and communication technology consultancy to amplify their presence on the web.