Internet search engines are increasingly being utilized as the first port of call for medical information by the public. The prevalence of allergies in developed countries has risen steadily over time.
There exists significant variability in the quality of health-related information available on the web. Inaccurately diagnosed and mismanaged allergic disease has major downstream effects on patients, general practitioners, and regional allergy services.
This study aimed to verify whether Ireland has a relatively high rate of web-based allergy-related searches, to establish the proportion of medically accurate web pages encountered by the public, and to compare current search results localized to Dublin, Ireland with urban centers elsewhere.Google Trends was used to evaluate regional interest of allergy-related search terms over a 10-year period using terms “allergy,” “allergy test,” “food allergy,” and “food intolerance.”
These terms were then inputted into Google search, localizing them to cities in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Human Adenovirus (ADV) IgG (ADV IgG) ELISA Kit |
abx364854-96tests |
Abbexa |
96 tests |
EUR 511 |
|
Human Adenovirus (ADV) IgM (ADV IgM) ELISA Kit |
abx364855-96tests |
Abbexa |
96 tests |
EUR 511 |
|
Adv-Ag type3 |
E66H001a |
EnoGene |
100ug |
EUR 382 |
Adv-Ag type7 |
E66H002 |
EnoGene |
100ug |
EUR 382 |
Adenovirus (ADV) Antibody |
abx411041-1ml |
Abbexa |
1 ml |
EUR 509 |
|
Adenovirus (ADV) Antibody |
abx414317-1ml |
Abbexa |
1 ml |
EUR 662 |
|
Adenovirus (ADV) Antibody |
abx414953-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 829 |
|
Inactivated ADV Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0002-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 588 |
Description: Adenovirus antigen, native protein. |
Adenovirus (ADV) Antibody (Biotin) |
abx411042-1ml |
Abbexa |
1 ml |
EUR 592 |
|
Inactivated ADV Positive Sample |
VAng-Lsx0001-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
Description: ADV Positive Sample, natural antigen. |
Inactivated ADV-1 Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0004-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 1138 |
Description: ADV type 1, natural antigen. |
Inactivated ADV-2 Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0006-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 1138 |
Description: ADV type 2, natural antigen. |
Inactivated ADV-3 Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0007-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
Description: ADV type 3, natural antigen. |
Inactivated ADV-5 Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0008-100g |
Creative Biolabs |
100 µg |
EUR 1009 |
Description: ADV type 5, natural antigen. |
Inactivated ADV-6 Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0010-100g |
Creative Biolabs |
100 µg |
EUR 1934 |
Description: ADV type 6, natural antigen. |
Inactivated ADV-6 Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0010-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 4847 |
Description: ADV type 6, natural antigen. |
Inactivated ADV-6 Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0010-500g |
Creative Biolabs |
500 µg |
EUR 3513 |
Description: ADV type 6, natural antigen. |
Inactivated ADV-40 Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0011-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
Description: Adenovirus type 40, natural protein. |
Virus Adenovirus (ADV) Protein |
abx670001-1ml |
Abbexa |
1 ml |
EUR 620 |
|
Mouse ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
EMA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Mouse ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
EMA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Mouse ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
EMA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Porcine ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
EPA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Porcine ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
EPA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Porcine ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
EPA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Rat ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
ERA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Rat ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
ERA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Rat ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
ERA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Rabbit ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
ERTA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Rabbit ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
ERTA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Rabbit ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
ERTA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Anserine ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
EAA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Anserine ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
EAA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Anserine ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
EAA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Goat ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
EGTA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Goat ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
EGTA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Goat ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
EGTA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Canine ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
ECA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Canine ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
ECA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Canine ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
ECA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Human ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
EHA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Human ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
EHA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Human ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
EHA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Bovine ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
EBA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Bovine ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
EBA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Bovine ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
EBA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Human Adenovirus (ADV) ELISA Kit |
abx052689-96tests |
Abbexa |
96 tests |
EUR 668 |
|
Mouse Adenovirus (ADV) ELISA Kit |
abx055024-96tests |
Abbexa |
96 tests |
EUR 668 |
|
Rat Adenovirus (ADV) ELISA Kit |
abx055049-96tests |
Abbexa |
96 tests |
EUR 668 |
|
Inactivated ADV Grade 2 Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0003-1mL |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mL |
EUR 998 |
Description: ADV Grade 2, natural antigen. |
Recombinant ADV-2 Hexon Protein |
VAng-Lsx0005-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
Description: ADV type 2 Hexon, recombinant protein from Hep-2 Cells. |
Inactivated ADV-5 Hexon Antigen |
VAng-Lsx0009-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
Description: ADV type 5 Hexon (full length), natural protein. |
Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-81) |
VAng-0789Lsx-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 2895 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Warthog/Namibia/Wart80/1980) Uncharacterized protein L83L (War-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0CAK9) |
Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-81) |
VAng-0789Lsx-500g |
Creative Biolabs |
500 µg |
EUR 1948 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Warthog/Namibia/Wart80/1980) Uncharacterized protein L83L (War-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0CAK9) |
Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-81) |
VAng-0789Lsx-50g |
Creative Biolabs |
50 µg |
EUR 1343 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Warthog/Namibia/Wart80/1980) Uncharacterized protein L83L (War-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0CAK9) |
Recombinant ASFV BA71V-004 Protein (aa 1-362) |
VAng-1964Lsx-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 4793 |
Description: African swine fever virus (strain Badajoz 1971 Vero-adapted) Protein MGF 360-2L (BA71V-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P23166) |
Recombinant ASFV BA71V-004 Protein (aa 1-362) |
VAng-1964Lsx-500g |
Creative Biolabs |
500 µg |
EUR 3184 |
Description: African swine fever virus (strain Badajoz 1971 Vero-adapted) Protein MGF 360-2L (BA71V-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P23166) |
Recombinant ASFV BA71V-004 Protein (aa 1-362) |
VAng-1964Lsx-50g |
Creative Biolabs |
50 µg |
EUR 2181 |
Description: African swine fever virus (strain Badajoz 1971 Vero-adapted) Protein MGF 360-2L (BA71V-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P23166) |
Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-174) |
VAng-2078Lsx-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 3803 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Pig/Kenya/KEN-50/1950) Envelope protein p22 (Ken-004), partial, recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9W0) |
Recombinant ASFV Ken-004 Protein (aa 1-174) |
VAng-2078Lsx-500g |
Creative Biolabs |
500 µg |
EUR 2580 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Pig/Kenya/KEN-50/1950) Envelope protein p22 (Ken-004), partial, recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9W0) |
Recombinant ASFV Mal-004 Protein (aa 1-355) |
VAng-2130Lsx-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 4738 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/Malawi/Lil 20-1/1983) Protein MGF 360-3L (Mal-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9M7) |
Recombinant ASFV Mal-004 Protein (aa 1-355) |
VAng-2130Lsx-500g |
Creative Biolabs |
500 µg |
EUR 3158 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/Malawi/Lil 20-1/1983) Protein MGF 360-3L (Mal-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9M7) |
Recombinant ASFV Mal-004 Protein (aa 1-355) |
VAng-2130Lsx-50g |
Creative Biolabs |
50 µg |
EUR 2154 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/Malawi/Lil 20-1/1983) Protein MGF 360-3L (Mal-004), recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9M7) |
Recombinant ASFV Pret-004 Protein (aa 1-177) |
VAng-2300Lsx-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 3817 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/South Africa/Pretoriuskop Pr4/1996) Envelope protein p22 (Pret-004), partial, recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9W2) |
Recombinant ASFV Pret-004 Protein (aa 1-177) |
VAng-2300Lsx-500g |
Creative Biolabs |
500 µg |
EUR 2580 |
Description: African swine fever virus (isolate Tick/South Africa/Pretoriuskop Pr4/1996) Envelope protein p22 (Pret-004), partial, recombinant protein from E. coli. (Uniprot ID: P0C9W2) |
Guinea Pig ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
EGA0749 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Guinea Pig ADV-lgG ELISA Kit |
EGA0750 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Guinea Pig ADV-lgM ELISA Kit |
EGA0751 |
Abclonal |
96Tests |
EUR 521 |
Adv (Adenovirus Antibody IgM) ELISA test |
44 |
Biobase |
96T/Box |
Ask for price |
|
Description: ELISA based test for quantitative detection of Adv (Adenovirus Antibody IgM) |
Ras N17 (Dominant Negative) Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-145 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the N17 dominant negative mutant of the Ras gene |
Ras V12 (Constitutively Active) Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-146 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the V12 constitutively active mutant of the Ras gene |
Rac1 Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-149 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the Rac1 gene |
Rac1 N17 (Dominant Negative) Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-150 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the N17 dominant negative mutant of the Rac1 gene |
Rac1 L61 (Constitutively Active) Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-151 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the L61 constitutively active mutant of the Rac1 gene |
Cdc42 Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-152 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the Cdc42 gene |
Cdc42 L61 (constitutively active) Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-154 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the L61 constitutively active mutant of the Cdc42 gene |
Rho A N19 (Dominant Negative) Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-156 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the N19 dominant negative mutant of the RhoA gene |
Null Control Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-001 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 740 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus used as a negative control |
?-Galalactosidase Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-002 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the beta-galactosidase gene |
Cre Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-005 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the Cre gene |
Firefly Luciferase Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-008 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the luciferase gene |
Cdc42 N17 (Dominant Negative) Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-153 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the N17 dominant negative mutant of the Cdc42 gene |
Rho A L63 (Constitutively Active) Recombinant Adenovirus |
ADV-157 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 ?L |
EUR 891 |
Description: Premade recombinant adenovirus containing the L63 constitutively active mutant of the RhoA gene |
Human Adenovirus Antigen(ADV-Ag)ELISA Kit |
GA-E1760HM-48T |
GenAsia Biotech |
48T |
EUR 289 |
Human Adenovirus Antigen(ADV-Ag)ELISA Kit |
GA-E1760HM-96T |
GenAsia Biotech |
96T |
EUR 466 |
Human Adenovirus IgM(ADV-IgM)ELISA Kit |
GA-E1780HM-48T |
GenAsia Biotech |
48T |
EUR 289 |
Human Adenovirus IgM(ADV-IgM)ELISA Kit |
GA-E1780HM-96T |
GenAsia Biotech |
96T |
EUR 466 |
Human Adenovirus IgG(ADV-IgG)ELISA Kit |
GA-E1784HM-48T |
GenAsia Biotech |
48T |
EUR 289 |
Human Adenovirus IgG(ADV-IgG)ELISA Kit |
GA-E1784HM-96T |
GenAsia Biotech |
96T |
EUR 466 |
Human Adenovirus Antigen,ADV-Ag ELISA Kit |
201-12-1744 |
SunredBio |
96 tests |
EUR 440 |
|
Description: A quantitative ELISA kit for measuring Human in samples from biological fluids. |
Output for each search was reviewed by two independent clinicians and deemed rational or nonevidence based, as per current best practice guidelines. Searches localized to Dublin were initially completed in 2015 and repeated in 2019 to assess for changes in the quality of search results over time.Ireland has a persistently high demand for web-based information relating to allergy and ranks first worldwide for “allergy test,” second for “food allergy” and “food intolerance,” and seventh for “allergy” over the specified 10-year timeframe.
Results for each of the four subsearches in Dublin (2015) showed that over 60% of websites promoted nonevidence-based diagnostics.
A marginal improvement in scientifically robust information was seen in 2019, but results for “allergy test” and “food intolerance” continued to promote alternative testing 57% (8/14) of the time. This strongly contrasted with results localized to Southampton and Rochester, where academic and hospital-affiliated web pages predominantly featured.
Government-funded Department of Health websites did not feature in the top five results for Dublin searches “allergy testing,” “food allergy,” or “food intolerance” in either 2015 or 2019.
The Irish public demonstrates a keen interest in seeking allergy-related information on the web. The proportion of evidence-based websites encountered by the Irish public is considerably lower than that encountered by patients in other urban centers.
Factors contributing to this are the lack of a specialist register for allergy in Ireland, inadequate funding for allergy centers currently in operation, and insufficient promotion by the health service of their web-based health database, which contains useful patient-oriented information on allergy.
Increased funding of clinical allergology services will more meaningfully impact the health of patients if there is a parallel investment by the health service in information and communication technology consultancy to amplify their presence on the web.